Content
- Table of Contents
- Instructions for online access
- Cover image
- Title page
- Copyright
- Preface
- Contributors
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter 2: Amino Acids and Proteins
- Chapter 3: Carbohydrates and Lipids
- Chapter 4: Blood and Plasma Proteins
- Chapter 5: Oxygen Transport
- Chapter 6: Catalytic Proteins—Enzymes
- Chapter 7: Hemostasis and Thrombosis
- Chapter 8: Membranes and Transport
- Chapter 9: Bioenergetics and Oxidative Metabolism
- Chapter 10: Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients: The Gastrointestinal Tract
- Chapter 11: Vitamins and Minerals
- Chapter 12: Anaerobic Metabolism of Glucose within the Red Blood Cell
- Chapter 13: Carbohydrate Storage and Synthesis in Liver and Muscle
- Chapter 14: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
- Chapter 15: Oxidative Metabolism of Lipids in Liver and Muscle
- Chapter 16: Biosynthesis and Storage of Fatty Acids
- Chapter 17: Biosynthesis of Cholesterol and Steroids
- Chapter 18: Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherogenesis
- Chapter 19: Biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids
- Chapter 20: Muscle: Energy Metabolism and Contraction
- Chapter 21: Glucose Homeostasis and Fuel Metabolism: Diabetes Mellitus
- Chapter 22: Nutrition and Energy Balance
- Chapter 23: Role of Kidneys in Metabolism
- Chapter 24: Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis
- Chapter 25: Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Concentration (Acid–Base Balance)
- Chapter 26: Bone Metabolism and Calcium Homeostasis
- Chapter 27: Complex Carbohydrates: Glycoproteins
- Chapter 28: Complex Lipids
- Chapter 29: The Extracellular Matrix
- Chapter 30: Role of the Liver in Metabolism
- Chapter 31: The Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides
- Chapter 32: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Chapter 33: Ribonucleic Acid
- Chapter 34: Protein Synthesis and Turnover
- Chapter 35: Regulation of Gene Expression: Basic Mechanisms
- Chapter 36: Regulation of Gene Expression: Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics
- Chapter 37: Oxygen and Life
- Chapter 38: The Immune Response
- Chapter 39: Biochemical Endocrinology
- Chapter 40: Membrane Receptors and Signal Transduction
- Chapter 41: Neurotransmitters
- Chapter 42: Cellular Homeostasis: Cell Growth and Cancer
- Chapter 43: Aging
- Appendix
- Index
Preface
Biological Medicine is now in its fourth edition, which we are pleased to present. The provision of a biological basis as well as a practical foundation for therapeutic work is still our primary objective, as it was in the past.
The narrative provides a snapshot of the field during the book’s writing period. It is important to note that words such as “photograph” are applicable in this scenario because organisms have undergone significant changes, possibly more rapidly than they did before the third edition was published. the tion.
In spite of the fact that the fundamental metabolic processes remain unchanged, our comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms is advancing as a result of developments in the discovery of signaling pathways.
These pathways have occasionally become therapeutic targets, laying the groundwork for significant medical advancements in fields like oncology. The field of epigenetics is relatively new, having emerged from genome association studies and bioinformatics analyses.
These research and analyses have provided us with valuable insights into the control of genetic expression, the ways in which various factors interact with one another, differential expression, gene promoters, and the Human project.
Significant advancements in procedures, particularly the rapid expansion of tests, are driving this, as has been the case numerous times throughout scientific history. The advent of robotics and bioinformatics, and consequently the improved capacity to handle and interpret data, is a common link between the procedures employed in the genetic research laboratory and the clinical laboratory. This is because both laboratories involve the use of the same technologies.
We have significantly revised the content of this communication. In addition to rewriting the chapters on lipids, glucose homeostasis, nutrition, and biochemical endocrinology, we also added a chapter on the impact of physical activity on growth and cardiovascular health. The omics section includes a discussion of recent developments in proteomics, metabolomics, and recombinant DNA technologies.
In addition, the knowledge and experience of new authors are beneficial to this article. He discusses his thoughts on a variety of topics, including signaling, the metabolism of fat and glycoconjugates, bioactivity, nutrition, and blood transfusion.
Following the expansion of the chapter on the gastrointestinal tract as a key interface between organisms and the environment, we will now devote a brief chapter to the function of the kidneys. We provide additional information about the membrane transport systems in both organs.
We continue to be of the opinion that education programs in the field of biomedicine ought to have an emphasis on fluid biology and electrolyte balance because these topics are as relevant to aspiring medical professionals as fundamental metabolic processes.
We edited the books and their corresponding websites. Simultaneously, we eliminated several online links from this post due to the effortless accessibility of content through search engines and social media platforms such as Wikipedia and YouTube.
Each of our articles explains the most difficult topics possible without being superficial. Thankfully, new domains allow for the introduction of new words and additions to the body of scientific knowledge. Discovering new genes and signaling pathways necessitates creating new names and abbreviations for them. Instead of seeing them as tools that will help us remember things, we see them as tools that will assist us in developing an objective degree of knowledge.
The nature of actual knowledge often reveals complexities and even confusion before the big picture becomes obvious, which may make some parts challenging for individuals who are not familiar with the subject matter.
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