Content
- Preface
- Foundations
- Tool and cycle symbols
- Fundamentals of Problem Solving
- Troubleshooting and AC motor starting.
- Circuits, circuit breakers, and switches
- Faster troubleshooting
- Circuit troubleshooting
- Appendix A: Chapters and summary
- Appendix B: Troubleshooting
- Annex C: Small networks
- Phone book
Preface
There is a large gap between the concepts of electronic flow, magnetic fields, and troubleshooting in electrical equipment and industrial control systems. In this book, we try to avoid discussion—or at least limit the topic to theory—and instead focus on showing how to troubleshoot electrical problems and monitor networks. The book enhances your knowledge and skills to boost equipment productivity and minimize maintenance expenses. By reading this book, you will be able to identify, prevent, and repair common electrical equipment and circuit breakers. This book emphasizes thinking creatively and innovatively. The emphasis is on practical problems that go beyond basic electrical concepts and aims to provide participants with the toolbox necessary to solve electrical problems, from control circuits to motors and accelerators.
This book focuses on fundamental topics in today’s electrical troubleshooting and monitoring systems, so you can reach out to your facility or facility to troubleshoot and resolve issues as quickly as possible. This book is not advanced; it focuses on the fundamentals of a problem-solving system. The book is very practical in its problem-solving approach, and the examples you see are applicable to all businesses.
We hope this book provides you with the following information:
• Properly investigate electrical problems…first of all.’
• Reduce testing and troubleshooting costs
• Reduce downtime for electric motors and other equipment.
• Improve factory security
• Learn unique techniques for hardware troubleshooting and network monitoring.
• Analyze equipment problems
• Determine causes of equipment failure
• Electrical troubleshooting and network monitoring.
The common man will find this book useful:
• Electric shock
• Mechanical
• Production managers and supervisors
• Employee retention activities
• Industry.
Requirements Although the book begins with a basic overview, it will be helpful to have a basic understanding of electricity and the problems you have encountered in the past.
Industrial electricity mostly consists of single-phase and three-phase transformers, as well as AC and DC machinery. In this context, we’ll investigate electrical circuits.
They undergo construction, design, testing, operation, and upkeep.
To troubleshoot electrical equipment and control circuits, it’s crucial to understand the underlying principles. The next sections will explain fundamental electrical concepts.
Basic Electrical Concepts
An electric prime mover (motor) drives the mechanical movement of various plant equipment. Transformers distribute electrical power from utilities or internal sources to provide usable voltage levels.
Electricity comes in two forms:
• Alternating current (AC)
• Direct current (DC).
Electrical equipment can run on either AC or DC electrical energies. The choice of energy source for equipment is determined by its application needs. Each energy source has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Industrial AC voltage levels are classified as LV (low voltage) or HV (high voltage), with a frequency of 50-60 Hz.
An electrical circuit consists of three basic components, regardless of the electrical energy form:
• Measure voltage (volts), ampere (amps), and resistance (ohms).
Voltage is defined as the electrical potential difference that allows electrons to move.
Current is defined as the flow of electrons and measured in amperes.
Resistance is defined as the opposition against the passage of electrons and is measured in
ohms.
Ohm’s law binds all three together, creating the following relationship:
V = I × R, where V represents voltage, I represents current, and R represents resistance.
V I R (a) Power
In direct current (DC) circuits, power (watts) is simply the product of voltage and current.
P = V × I
The formula for calculating power in an alternating current circuit applies to simply resistive circuits. However, in the following types of AC circuits, power is not only determined by voltage and current.
Apparent power (VA or kVA) is the product of voltage and ampere. Apparent power refers to the entire power delivered to a circuit, including both real and reactive power.
Real power, defined in watts, is the ability to turn energy into work.
Reactive Power If the circuit is inductive or capacitive, the reactive component consumes power and cannot generate work. This is referred to as reactive power and represented by the unit VAR.
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