The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome
Content
- EASTERN RWANDA AND EASTERN ADMINISTRATION: NEOLITHIC, BRONZE AGE, AND ERA
- Sumerian time
- THE MESOPOTAMIAN AGE IN THE THIRD AND SECOND PERIOD
- THE AGE OF POWER
- EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS
- WAND DANCE, LEAVES AND GRAVES
- WORDS AND CITIES FROM THE AEGEAN BRONZE AGE
- THE MOMENT OF THE ANATOLIAN PERIOD: TROY AND HATTUSA
- CYPRUS, CANANIDS, AND LEVANTINE COMMERCIAL STATES OF THE BRONZE AGE
- SOLAR WEEK NEARBY CITIES
- WANDANS AND OFFICERS
- WANDIA’S
- ANCIENT GREEK OLD SOLAR CASES 977
- ARCHAIC ARCHITECTURE, II: SPARTA AND ATHENS
- GREEK TURKS: DELPHI AND OLYMPIA
- ATHENS IN THE 5TH CENTURY
- GREEK CITIES AND DRYNESS IN THE LATER PERIOD
- WANDIANS
- ANCIENT ITALY AND THE THIRD COUNTRY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
- GREEK AND ETRUSCAN CITY IN ITALY
- ROME: FROM THE BIRTH TO THE END OF THE REPUBLIC
- ROME IN AUGUST
- ITALY OUTSIDE THE CAPITAL: POMPEII AND OSTIA
- ROME FROM NERO TO HADRIAN: NO PROTECTION IN THE REVOLUTION OF FREEDOM
- province staff dance
- ANCIENT AFTER THE REVOLUTION: ROME, JERUSALEM, AND CONSTANTINOPLE IN THE TIME OF CONSTANTINE
Preface
The city of [T] is a marvel, a city that embraces human creativity and entrepreneurship. They unavoidably demand that his research be conducted responsibly and respectfully.
(Kostof 1991: 40)
This book presents the cities and cultures of the Near East, Egypt, Greece, and Rome through archaeology. Architecture, materials, history, economic prosperity, and residents’ experiences are central to urban areas. The book follows the cities from their origins in the Middle East in the ninth and sixth centuries BCE to their end in pagan antiquity in the early fourth century CE. The book spans a vast region, from the Indus Valley in modern-day Pakistan in the east to Britain in the west, under the control of the Achaemenid Persians, conquered by Alexander the Great, and captured by the Romans during their reign.
The cultural spectacle is colorful and complex: Sumerians and Babylonians, Assyrians and Egyptians, Minoans and Etruscans, Greeks and Romans. Despite the differences between these cultures, their long lineage unites them. For example, because the Greeks lived in a world devoid of effort and confrontation, the Romans looked to Greece for inspiration in both art and intellectual matters.
Works in the East and Egypt. These different cultures form the unity of the ancient world, and we must learn from each other. Urbanism, of course, was not unique to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean, but the independent urban traditions of East Asia, the Americas, and Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa are beyond the scope of this book.
The book has two sources of inspiration. The project was urgently needed as a companion to ‘Cities of the Ancients,’ a well-known book on the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean and Near East, which Emeline Hill Richardson initiated and her archaeological colleagues developed. past. Department of Classics at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. The course has never claimed to be neutral: with its home in Classics, the curriculum has understandably given greater emphasis to Greek and Roman cities than to those of the Ancient Near East and Egypt. Furthermore, my experiences and interests lead me to concentrate on the Eastern Mediterranean, utilizing examples from the Western Mediterranean and Western Europe; I explain my bias in Chapter 24. Despite this latter limitation, the selection of sites and monuments presented here accurately reflects the consensus among the contributors to “Ancient Cities” at UNC-Chapel Hill, including myself.
The second source is distant and indirect. Years ago, when I completed my undergraduate degree in archaeology at Yale University, I decided to take the final oral exam in the Hellenic Cities program. For respected experts on the Maya and the Caribbean, the second part of Ancient Cities has the same purpose as the first: an introduction to the physical appearance of the cities of the Near East, Egypt, Greece, and Rome as reflected in their history. While the book does not emphasize constructive reasoning, readers who are already familiar with its content will find it well-prepared. This new edition includes the original text, with corrected errors and significantly altered locations, along with the works of GobekliTepe (chapter 1), Deir el-Medina (chapter 6), Phoenician cities (chapter 11), Sinope (chapter 18), and Nîmes, London, and Trier (chapter 24). The graphics have been improved accordingly.
I would like to express my gratitude to the many people who contributed to the preparation of this new document.
The first edition’s graphics diversity and quality were all readers’ favorites. I was very lucky that the original illustrator, Neslihan Yılmaz, found the time to work on this project and ensured that the illustrations continued from book one to book two. He checked all the drawings, made minor corrections in some, drew others, and added new maps, plans, and diagrams. I thank him very much for his contributions. As before, photographs complement the graphics.I would like to express my gratitude to Ben Claasz Coockson, Marie-Henriette GGates, and Ahmet Keten for making the new photographs available..
In review of the text, Marie-Henriette Gates (chapters 1-3 and 8-11), Salima Ikram (chapters 5 and 6), and, especially for the Greeks and Romans, Valentina DeNardis, Katrina Dickson, Maura Heyn, Eric Kondratieff, and Francesca Tronchin. Second, teachers who used Ancient Cities as a textbook gave useful advice on how to improve the educational process. The dictionary, link, and companion website are directly derived from the definitions. Thanks to Margaret Andrews and Laura Humphrey (internet resources), Gary Beckman (current thoughts on Heti renaming), Franca Cole (computer wizard) for help with many questions, Özlem Eser (bibliographic assistance), Dominique Kassab Tezgör (on Sinope), and Gunnar Lehmann (commentary on the Iron Age) (metallurgy on Çayönü). Of course, none of this would have happened if Matthew Gibbons, Routledge editor of Classics, Archeology, and Museum Studies, had asked me to prepare this second edition. His encouragement and support, along with the skill and kindness of his editorial assistants, Lalle Pursglove and Amy Davis-Poyter, and the Routledge/Taylor & Francis production team, made this work possible.
Finally, I would like to commemorate my colleague and ‘friend’ Toni M. Cross (1945-2002), who was the long-time director of the Ankara Branch of the American Research Institute (ARIT) in Turkey and participated in the Kinet Mound excavations. He couldn’t hold onto a copy of this book much longer, but I know he’ll enjoy it. While I was working on that book for years, he said to me, ‘Write it.’ Don’t worry about finding every last bug; it will take forever.
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