Content
- Table of Contents
- Instructions for on line access
- Cover image
- Title page
- Copyright
- Preface
- Contributors
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter 2: Amino Acids and Proteins
- Chapter 3: Carbohydrates and Lipids
- Chapter 4: Blood and Plasma Proteins
- Chapter 5: Oxygen Transport
- Chapter 6: Catalytic Proteins – Enzymes
- Chapter 7: Hemostasis and Thrombosis
- Chapter 8: Membranes and Transport
- Chapter 9: Bioenergetics and Oxidative Metabolism
- Chapter 10: Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients: The Gastrointestinal Tract
- Chapter 11: Vitamins and Minerals
- Chapter 12: Anaerobic Metabolism of Glucose withinside the Red Blood Cell
- Chapter 13: Carbohydrate Storage and Synthesis in Liver and Muscle
- Chapter 14: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
- Chapter 15: Oxidative Metabolism of Lipids in Liver and Muscle
- Chapter 16: Biosynthesis and Storage of Fatty Acids
- Chapter 17: Biosynthesis of Cholesterol and Steroids
- Chapter 18: Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherogenesis
- Chapter 19: Biosynthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids
- Chapter 20: Muscle: Energy Metabolism and Contraction
- Chapter 21: Glucose Homeostasis and Fuel Metabolism: Diabetes Mellitus
- Chapter 22: Nutrition and Energy Balance
- Chapter 23: Role of Kidneys in Metabolism
- Chapter 24: Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis
- Chapter 25: Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Concentration (Acid–Base Balance)
- Chapter 26: Bone Metabolism and Calcium Homeostasis
- Chapter 27: Complex Carbohydrates: Glycoproteins
- Chapter 28: Complex Lipids
- Chapter 29: The Extracellular Matrix
- Chapter 30: Role of the Liver in Metabolism
- Chapter 31: Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides
- Chapter 32: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Chapter 33: Ribonucleic Acid
- Chapter 34: Protein Synthesis and Turnover
- Chapter 35: Regulation of Gene Expression: Basic Mechanisms
- Chapter 36: Regulation of Gene Expression: Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Chapter 37: Oxygen and Life
- Chapter 38: The Immune Response
- Chapter 39: Biochemical Endocrinology
- Chapter 40: Membrane Receptors and Signal Transduction
- Chapter 41: Neurotransmitters
- Chapter 42: Cellular Homeostasis: Cell Growth and Cancer
- Chapter 43: Aging
- Appendix
- Index
Preface
We now present the fourth edition of Biological Medicine. Our aim, as before, remains to provide a biological basis and a practical foundation for clinical work.
The book is a sketch of the field as it was when it was written. Phrases such as ‘photograph’ are appropriate here because organisms change; perhaps more rapidly than ever since the third edition.
Although the basic metabolic processes do not change, our understanding of regulatory mechanisms is improving, thanks to advances in the identification of signaling pathways. In many cases, these pathways have become drug targets and form the basis of astonishing medical advances in fields such as oncology. Since the completion of the Human project, genome association studies and bioinformatics analyzes have allowed us to paint a new picture of genetic control, evidence of interactions between multiple factors, differential expression and gene promoters, and the emerging field of epigenetics.
This is driven by great progress in methods, including the rapid proliferation of tests, as has happened many times before in the history of science. A common link between the methods used in the genetic research laboratory and the clinical laboratory is the rise of robotics and bioinformatics and therefore the increased ability to process and interpret data.
This message has been extensively updated. We rewrote the chapters on lipids, glucose homeostasis, nutrition, and biochemical endocrinology and added a chapter on the effects of physical activity on growth and cardiovascular health. The -omics section covers new trends in proteomics, metabolomics and recombinant DNA technology.
This article also benefits from the expertise of new contributors. His views on signaling, fat and glycoconjugate metabolism, bioactivity, nutrition, and blood transfusion.
We have expanded the chapter on the gastrointestinal tract as an important interface between organisms and the environment and now devote a brief chapter to renal function. We provide more information about membrane transport systems in both.
We continue to believe that fluid biology and electrolyte balance are as important to future physicians as basic metabolic processes and that they should be emphasized in biomedical programs.
We edited books and book sites. At the same time, because search engines and sites like Wikipedia and YouTube now provide access to a lot of content very quickly, we were able to remove some web links from this post.
In all our articles, we try to explain the most difficult topics possible, but we do our best not to be superficial. Fortunately, new fields bring new terms and additions to scientific knowledge. The discovery of new genes and new signaling pathways means new names and abbreviations. We see them here not as tools to preserve our memory, but as tools to help create an unbiased level of knowledge. The fact that some passages may be difficult for those unfamiliar with the subject may also reflect the nature of true knowledge; complexity, even some confusion, is often discovered before the big picture emerges.
The Question Bank (Self-Assessment) and many other resources are available at Elsevier’s www. student. com is where readers are sent. Student experts also provide links to other Elsevier biomedical publications that connect and build on biomedical knowledge. There is also a companion book called Medical Biochemistry Flash Cards that provides a quick overview.
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