Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials ( Free PDF )

RECOVERABLE AND NONRECOVERABLE DEFORMATION
ELASTIC RESPONSE OF SOLIDS
Mechanical Testing
Deﬁnitions of Stress and Strain
Stress–Strain Curves for Uniaxial Loading
Nonaxial Testing
Multiaxial Linear Elastic Response
Indentation
Elastic Anisotropy
Thermal Stresses and Thermal Shock-Induced Failure
YIELDING AND PLASTIC FLOW
Dislocations in Metals and Ceramics
Slip
Yield Criteria for Metals and Ceramics
Post-Yield Plastic Deformation
Slip in Single Crystals and Textured Materials
Deformation Twinning
Plasticity in Polymers
CONTROLLING STRENGTH
Strengthening: A Deﬁnition
Strengthening of Metals
Strain (Work) Hardening
Boundary Strengthening
Solid Solution Strengthening
Dispersion Strengthening
Strengthening of Steel Alloys by Multiple Mechanisms
Metal-Matrix Composite Strengthening
Strengthening of Polymers
Polymer-Matrix Composites
TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATION
Time-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Solids
Creep of Crystalline Solids: An Overview
Temperature–Stress–Strain-Rate Relations
Deformation Mechanisms
Super plasticity
Deformation-Mechanism Maps
Parametric Relations: Extrapolation Procedures for Creep Rupture Data
Materials for Elevated Temperature Use
Viscoelastic Response of Polymers and the Role of Structure
References
Problems
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
FRACTURE: AN OVERVIEW
Introduction
Theoretical Cohesive Strength
Defect Population in Solids
The Stress-Concentration Factor
Notch Strengthening
External Variables Affecting Fracture
Characterizing the Fracture Process
Macroscopic Fracture Characteristics
Microscopic Fracture Mechanisms
ELEMENTS OF FRACTURE MECHANICS
Grifﬁth Crack Theory
Charpy Impact Fracture Testing
Related Polymer Fracture Test Methods
Limitations of the Transition Temperature Philosophy
Stress Analysis of Cracks
FAILURE ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 6. 1: Fracture Toughness of Manatee Bones in Impact
Design Philosophy
Relation Between Energy Rate and Stress Field Approaches
Crack-Tip Plastic-Zone Size Estimation
Fracture-Mode Transition: Plane Stress Versus Plane Strain
FAILURE ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 6. 2: Analysis of Crack Development during Structural Fatigue Test
Plane-Strain Fracture-Toughness Testing of Metals and Ceramics
Fracture Toughness of Engineering Alloys
Plane-Stress Fracture-Toughness Testing
Toughness Determination from Crack-Opening Displacement Measurement
Fracture-Toughness Determination and Elastic-Plastic Analysis with the J Integral
Other Fracture Models
Fracture Mechanics and Adhesion Measurements
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
ENVIRONMENT-ASSISTED CRACKING
CYCLIC STRESS AND STRAIN FATIGUE
FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION
ANALYSES OF ENGINEERING FAILURES
CONSEQUENCES OF PRODUCT FAILURE
APPENDIX

preface

It is said that no hypothesis can be completely proven. Such a structure can stand the test of time thanks to concrete evidence. And the same doctrine can be reformed by a single valid theory. The history of scientific writing bears witnesses to many ideas being influenced by powerful and/or unexpected events.

Therefore, scientific theories and related concepts are constantly evaluated and revised as necessary as our knowledge expands and new understandings develop. In fact, we, the authors, found it necessary to revise and/or add to this document because it has changed over the last three to ten years. Our fifth edition revisits the latest trends. The authors have tried to update the contents of this document as much as possible. It may be the responsibility of the reader to expand their collective knowledge and lead to new understandings. The search for knowledge never ends.

This book examines the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the mechanical behavior of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of fracture mechanics and materials science, leading to an understanding of hardness, strength, hardness and time-based mechanics. Appropriate for undergraduate and graduate courses in metallurgy and materials, mechanical engineering, and the engineering program, this book presents a fracture mechanics-materials approach to the fracture mechanics of engineering materials. The book will also be useful for applied researchers who wish to learn more about the mechanics of solid materials and, in particular, the fracture mechanics of fracture processes. To this end, the book contains more than 1,500 chapters cited throughout the text. There is also a list of all authors and other authors in the second category, with different qualifications.

The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, the principles of plastic deformation are explained. Chapter 1 begins with a discussion of simple transformations. The concepts of stress, strain, and hardness are introduced for both isotropic and anisotropic materials. Chapter 2 deals with plastic deformation. The emphasis here is on the continuous process of irreversible plastic deformation and the role of microstructures and nanostructures, crystallography and crystal defects (e.g. dislocations) in explaining the deformation process. The parameters in Chapter 3 are then used to understand different ways to enhance dynamics in different systems. Time-temperature dependent properties of modified materials in metals, ceramics, and polymeric materials are discussed in Chapter 4. Although familiarity with the topics discussed in Chapter 1 will benefit the reader in Chapter 2, readers with previous exposure to the behavior of polymeric materials Machine continue from Chapter 1 to Chapter 2. 5.In the second part, the application of the principles of fracture mechanics to the subject of fracture is discussed. Chapter 5 begins with an overview of failure zones and discusses tensile and fracture toughness, tensile strength, fracture area statistics, and fracture surface micromorphology. The importance of stress factors and fracture mechanics in fracture analysis is developed in Chapter 6 and compared to classical heat-based structural designs. From this macroscopic perspective, the focus of Chapter 7 is on the role of micro- and nano structural changes in determining the fracture toughness of materials and contaminants such as heat, radiation, and 300 C corrosion and hydrogen and liquid metals. Stress – environment – material system perspective 8. Fatigue and fracture propagation are discussed in Chapters 9 and 10, focusing on the philosophy of fatigue propagation in relation to stress behavior, longevity and material damage. Chapter 11 examines actual failure to demonstrate the importance of applying the principles of fracture mechanics to failure. The defects of the main shaft, flywheel, gun and generator rotor shaft () are analyzed. Finally, the consequences of component failure are described in Chapter 12, discussing products and product recalls.

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